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1. Types of Emergency Shelter

1. Types of the emergency shelter

The types of emergency shelter can be defined as

I, In an open space or a private space and;

II, Indoor or outdoor;

III, Climates.

I, In a open space or a private space.

Space consideration of whether to be in an open space or private space has to be based on when and where a natural disaster happened. If the strategies to arrange the refugees of a natural disaster in an open space like, city halls, activity halls that contain a huge open space (Picture 11-15) to insert a huge amount of refugee as a temporary space to live until the organizations or government have enough time to arrange for a better place for them. In this condition, all the refugees from a natural disaster event have to live together in that open space. Sometime there will be something like a space block structure to block from outside but sometimes they just supply simple stuffs like bed and lockers. The living environment like ventilation system in the space might not be good because of the amount of people using of the space. Most of the open space shelters are for single person because they can live in their own.  

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Picture 11. An inside space of shelter

Picture 12. An interior view of the shelter

Picture 13. Open space of a shelter

Picture 14. Open space of a shelter

Picture 15. Open space of a shelter

Private spaces (Picture 16-18) are spaces with more close and privacy, which might available after if the organizations or government able to arrange for this. Private spaces are more secure to store the refugees’ properties, have their own privacy space and emotion security. For the private spaces, this space will totally live yourself or with your family members. It is a good way to keep your belongings secure and have more privacy space, with a better living environment. Private space always reserved for refugees come with family members that can live together, better than sharing with strangers without secure awareness. 

Picture 16. A private space

Picture 17. A private space

Picture 18. A private space

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II, Indoor and Outdoor,

Indoor (Picture 11-18) for a temporary shelter might mean to live either inside a huge sharing space or in a private block structure in a huge open space like city halls, and activity halls and schools. Indoor spaces are provided might be because of the timing and venue for the event, provision for outdoor private shelter couldn’t make it on time, huge number of refugees, transfer of the materials. If an indoor space has to works as a long term temporary shelter, it could consider about the ventilation system, hygiene problem, space organization and space to store the refugees belongings, as to avoid infectious disease because of the ventilation system in a huge space for a huge amount of long term user, personal hygiene problem might affect the other users, fight and argument for the space distribution, and stealing of other users belongings. 

 

Outdoor (Picture 19-21) is a better choice to work as a long-term temporary shelter for a huge amount of refugees. Outdoor space can be known as outdoor structure which can provide either sharing or private space. Outdoor space has a better living environment because of the good natural ventilation system with a small amount of user, less infections disease, and less argument than indoor space. The reason of outdoor space been provided lately is due to the time to complete the structure, have to consider about the transfer of the materials, human resources with these suitable knowledge, condition of where a natural disaster happened. Most of the outdoor emergency shelters are first come with a simple tent, after the consummation of other better structure, the refugees will be moved into the structure, since tent wont be use for a long term condition, but in some case if the huge number of refugees, tent might be used for a long term condition if the organization or government couldn’t afford to supply a better living structure for them. The problem to supply for a outdoor living space always be the budget problem, the cost to transfer the construction materials and the matter of time to construct the structure and the lack of human resources. 

Picture 19. ShelterBox

Picture 20. Shelter from UNHCR

Picture 21. Dome Tent ourdoor

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III, Climates

The climates for the venue that natural disaster happened also a part to be consider of how does an emergency shelter works to protect the users whether the place is in a cold climate or hot climate. The change of climates is also one of the considerations the use of materials and the size of the spaces.  

 

Hot climate shelters are easier to consider than the cold climate shelters. Materials choosing for the hot climate shelters are cheaper and easier to get in the local and easier to construct. Most of the materials used for a hot climates place usually are like natural materials, such as bamboo. The constructions for the shelter no need to be as complicated as those in cold climates. Size of the space can be small, because they can have more outdoor activities than indoor, only raining season, direct sunlight and wild animals should be take in consideration. Shelter in hot climate can have a very good ventilation system because they can always keep the doors and windows open, get fresh air directly. 

 

Shelters for cold climate are more difficult to construct than the shelters for hot climate. Shelters that sufficient to stand for cold condition are expensive to built because they have to be function in a very high standard. Things to considered are the stability of the structure, whether it can stand for heavy snow and strong wind, good quality of wind protection to protect the shelter parts such as doors, windows, roof and walls, basic protection for cold condition and others facilities, provision for heating system. Other than that, the shelters should able to avoid the heat loss of body temperature from the users, ensure that cold air kept out of the space, keep the inside of the shelter at a comfortable temperature. Shelters for cold climate should have a bigger space than shelter in hot climate, because the user might have their all activities indoor due to the cold weather. 

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